Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia

Table of Contents Introduction Music and Dancing Symbolism Religion Language Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The entry of Irish immigrant in Cape Breton began after the discovery of the island by John Cabot in 1497, this also saw the influx of other communities such as Scottish, French and English in the island.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, these communities and others who came afterwards have remained on the island to date. Various historical authors have given the factors why Irish immigrated to Cape Breton. The potato famine, which occurred 1840s in Ireland, is thought to be the driving factor behind their immigration. However, other historians cite that Ireland is a country that has been made up of tenants, laborers and farmers with its economic lifeline dependent on Britain. Hence, these econom ic struggles and challenges with prospects of land ownership in North America motivated them to emigrate. The Irish people carried along their culture to new lands during their emigration; hence, this became a part of their community daily life. In Cape Breton, where they settled between 1700s, they continued to practice their culture besides adopting other cultures among other communities they interacted with. This paper discusses the Irish culture in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The writer indicates that the Irish people have continued to preserve their culture over the ages, hence, this is reflected in their music and dancing, symbolism, language, religion among others. Music and Dancing Music and dancing are important elements for a human soul. Music inspires and relaxes the soul, thus bringing about happiness. Similarly, dancing is captivating and is also critical for a person’s mental and physical well-being. Thus, Irish community in Cape Breton has maintained this culture close to their heart. McGee illustrates that Irish people still embrace their traditional music on the island to date (60). Hence, common musical varieties on the island includeAdvertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anglo-Irish folk songs, Gaelic, pipe and fiddle music among others. Also, McGee (83) indicates that Irish music is a popular among other communities on the island because it is lively and fosters passion. On a similar note, Irish dancing styles are astonishing. The Irish people have continued to uphold â€Å"Step Dancing†, a style of dancing, on the island (Hedican 319). Step dancing is where a dancer swings his/her loose ankle swiftly causing the sole of the shoe to make comical sounds. Similarly, an Irish dancer uses rigid torso and a free leg while dancing to the music rhythm. The uniqueness of Irish Music culture in the island has attracted many young people f rom other communities. Hence, most of them have emulated the music and dancing styles through learning and practicing. Besides, music and dancing culture has encouraged young people to participate in Irish competition such as Feis (Hedican 317). Feli, a form of dancing has been replicated by other cultures, such as Acadian and Scottish living in Nova Scotia. Also, the Irish communities have set aside a period where youngsters are taught about storytelling, local history and community customs. They view these aspects as a part of Irish community living culture. Thus, activities such as â€Å"Kitchen Party† or Ceilidh (a visit) are famous within the community. They provide an opportunity for sharing language, story, song, tracing family roots, and music (McGee, 94). Symbolism For ages, Irish people have revered symbols in their daily lives. They view them as a reminiscence of some phenomenon or certain important events in life. Elliott (140) points out that the most widely reco gnized symbol in the Irish community is the Celtic cross.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a symbol which was used by Irish Catholic communities in 1800s. Hedican (129) cites that the cross was significant to Irish community because it was used to decorate tombstones and jewelry among others during the celebration of Celtic culture. Presently, Houston and William (89) note that this symbol helps Irish people remember significant events in Irish-Canadian history. Also, the names also contain symbolism, which forms a significant part of Irish culture in Cape Breton. According to Houston and William (123), Irish names are unique compared to others in different cultures, thus, it is easy to differentiate them. For instance, Hedican illustrates that a person with a surname starting with O’ is always perceived as a person who has an Irish origin (319). Elliott demonstrates that another significant symbol among Irish in Cape Breton is St. Patrick (136). Irish people recognize St. Patrick as the Patron Saint of Ireland, and the onset of Christianity in Ireland, hence, this day is important for Catholics and Anglicans in residing in Cape Breton. The Irish people celebrate this day by consuming Irish bacon, cabbage and drinks. The Irish people use this day to recall their motherland and bond with their countrymen. Religion Despite some Irish joining with other religions, majority of them is largely Catholics. They follow Catholicism to connect with their native land, which is predominantly Catholics. They have also borrowed architectural styles of building churches from their native country, most catholic churches in Cape Breton bear resemblance.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Akenson (102) illustrates that this architectural designs show their strong connection with their motherland. Besides believing in Jesus Christ and Mary, they also embrace Saints. They view saints as a link or intermediaries between them and Jesus Christ, hence, the church has set aside specific days for commemorating their feasts (HoustonWilliam 1990). The Catholic adherents believe that drinking is not a bad thing because the church tolerates the act. Their culture views the act as a form of personal relaxation and reduction of frustrations. Consequently, the respect for priests and other church clergies is common among the Irish in Cape Breton (Akenson, 235). The culture of forming a person wholly is also common. This stems from the teaching and traditions of the Catholic Church. Hence, Irish people do not discriminate, favor or deny anyone, especially in their schools, hospitals and in the society as a whole. They allow everybody to benefit from their accomplishments (Akenson, 3 12). Language Elliott illustrates that Cape Breton is a multicultural island with many diversities from different parts of the world (143). Hence, language spoken in the island has contributed to its outstanding uniqueness. Irish language in Cape Breton reflects its widespread culture in the island. It is taught in communities and in institutions of higher learning such as universities. Similarly, language conventions and immersion weekends are common, where Irish language is spoken. Elliott (123)cites that literature supporting Irish is also available in the island. It supports people who want to learn the language and offers guidance on spelling and pronunciation. Conclusion Irish people in Cape Breton have preserved their culture to present. Despite facing changes due to the different factors, such as globalization, the community has endeavored to protect its traditional culture which is evident in music and dance, symbolism, religion, language and others. This preservation has e nsured continuity and preserved history for future generations. Works Cited Akenson, Donald H. Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815– 1922, 1991. Print Elliott, Bruce S. Irish Migrants in the Canada’s: A New Approach, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988. Print Hedican, Edward J. â€Å"What Determines Family Size? Irish Farming Families in Nineteenth-Century Ontario,† Journal of Family History, (2006): 315-334. Print Houston, Cecil Jand William J Smyth.Irish Emigration and Canadian Settlement. Patterns, Links and Letters, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1990. Print McGee, Thomas D’Arcy. A History of the Iriih Settlers in North America, Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing, 1982. Print This research paper on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The impact of technology on smes profitability Essays

The impact of technology on smes profitability Essays The impact of technology on smes profitability Essay The impact of technology on smes profitability Essay Despite the interest in new firm growth, research has found that a limited understanding of the driving mechanisms behind how and when new firms grow (Davidson 2010; Gilbert 2006 McPherson and Holt, 2007; McKenzie and Wicking, 2010). One potential explanation for this limited understanding Is the unclear relationship of Games growth to other tangential phenomena and performance metrics, such as profitability and survival (Davidson: 2009; Shepherd and Wicking, 2009). These concepts are important for a number of reasons in the context of explaining new firm growth. For instance, exit rates are especially high for Games relative to incumbents, and the risk of exit may promote or hinder new firms from trying to achieve growth. Profitability may provide needed positive cash flow and access to resources to fuel growth, but sizeable profits may only come after growth has been achieved (Davidson et al 2009). Therefore, there appear to be Important relationships concerning both the nature and the timing of growth in relation to profitability and survival that need to be better understood (Coda, 2010). Indeed, these three central concepts (I. E. Roth, profitability, survival) have been highly influential in theories of Games growth, and industry evolution and dynamics but surprisingly little research has specifically addressed these Issues In the same model (Coda, 2010; Davidson et al. , 2009). There are several reasons for this current state of the literature. To begin with, empirical research has to date not been able to adequately mitigate the statistical problems arising from the heterogeneous and dynamic picture of growth (Coda, 2007). Related, a lack of adequate data on new firms has prevented researchers from unearthing the relationship between growth ND other performance outcomes such as survival and profitability (Head and Kerchief; 2009). Hence, there Is an apparent gap between the theoretical concept of growth and the empirical evidence (Mackerel and Would; 2010). We present a theoretical framework based on evolutionary economics to untangle the endogenous and complex relationships among growth, profitability and survival, our evolutionary model builds upon the idea that new firms face uncertainty concerning market acceptance and competitive pressures. Research on the link between (product) innovation and profitability at the firm or establishment level suggests that Innovators are persistently more profitable than non-eliminators (Cellared; 2005). Profitability is complicated by two further issues. First, foreign-owned small and medium enterprises tend to be more productive (and by implication more profitable) than their indigenous counterparts (Griffith; 2004) largely because they are more technologically advanced so, there may be differences between the profitability of indigenous and foreign plants regardless of their product innovation performance. Secondly there Is evidence of a link between foreign ownership and Innovation, with enterprise firms are generally more likely to be innovative than indigenously-owned firms in terms of both products and their adoption of new process technologies (Hewitt-Dunderheads). Based on the background, this study seeks to investigate the impact of technology on GAMES growth and profitability in Managing area. Most of the GAMES (fax, printing, copying, scanning and typing machines and the computers related services businesses) do not adapt to the emerging and changing technology. Are the Games that are using technology more profitable than the Games that are not using technology? Theoretical definition Technology- Technology is typically understood as the body of scientific knowledge seed in the production of goods or services (Hill and Jones, 2007). GAMES- Means a separate and distinct business entity, together with its branches or subsidiaries, if any, including cooperative enterprises, managed by one owner or more predominantly carried on in any sector or sub-sector of the economy. National Small Business Act (No. 102 of 1996) Growth- Refers to a positive change in size, often over a period of time. Growth can occur as a stage of maturation or a process toward fullness or fulfillment (Allison 2005). Profitability- According to Young (2005) reparability is described as the change in net asset on the statement of activities, in other words, it considers whether the organization had an operating surplus, broke even or operated at a loss.

Italian Verbs For Beginners - Mood and Tenses

Italian Verbs For Beginners - Mood and Tenses When learning Italian, students naturally tend to look for grammatical patterns. Studying Italian verbs in a programmatic fashion is a wise idea because its an efficient use of time, and Italian verbs are classified in a variety of ways. When studying Italian verbs, though, avoid the temptation to make absolute comparisons to English. Although there are many similarities between the two languages, there are also many fundamental differences. In addition, there are always exceptions to the rule. So while taking an organized approach to Italian verbs is a terrific way to improve your Italian, think of it like ordering in an Italian restaurant: be prepared to order a different primo if your favorite dish isnt available. The Santa Trinit of VerbsVerbs are fundamental to any language, and Italian is no exception. There are three primary groups of Italian verbs, classified according to the ending of their infinitives: first conjugation (-are verbs), second conjugation (-ere verbs), and third conjugation (-ire verbs). Most Italian verbs belong to the first-conjugation group and follow a highly uniform pattern. Once you learn how to conjugate one -are verb, youve essentially learned hundreds of them. And what about those Italian verbs that dont end in -are? Second-conjugation (-ere) verbs account for approximately one-quarter of all Italian verbs. Although many have some sort of irregular structure, there are also many regular -ere verbs. The final group of Italian verbs is those that end in ​-ire. Feeling Tense? A Little Moody?Feeling tense studying Italian verbs? Or maybe youre a bit moody. There is a difference. Mood (a variation of the word mode) refers to the attitude of the speaker toward what he or she is saying. There are four finite moods (modi finiti) in Italian: indicative (indicativo), which is used to indicate facts; subjunctive (congiuntivo), which is used to express an attitude or feeling toward an event; conditional (condizionale), which is used to express what would happen in a hypothetical situation; and imperative (imperativo), which is used to give commands. (Note that modern English only has three finite moods: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.) There are also three indefinite moods (modi indefiniti) in Italian, so-called because the forms do not indicate the person (i.e., first, second, or third): infinitive (infinito), participle (participio), and gerund (gerundio). Moods are divided into one or more tenses, which indicates the time when the action of the verb takes place (present, past, or future). For reference, the chart below lists the mood and tenses of Italian verbs in English and Italian. ITALIAN VERBS: MOOD AND TENSEIndicative / Indicativopresent / presentepresent perfect / passato prossimoimperfect / imperfettopast perfect / trapassato prossimoabsolute past / passato remotopreterite perfect / trapassato remotofuture / futuro semplicefuture perfect / futuro anteriore Subjunctive / Congiuntivopresent / presentepast / passatoimperfect / imperfettopast perfect / trapassato Conditional / Condizionalepresent / presentepast / passato Imperative / Imperativopresent / presente Infinitive / Infinitivopresent / presentepast / passato Participle / Participiopresent / presentepast / passato Gerund / Gerundiopresent / presentepast / passato Conjugating Italian Verbs SingularI personII personIII personPluralI personII personIII person Learning six forms for every verb would be an endless task. Fortunately, most Italian verbs are regular verbs, meaning they are conjugated following a regular pattern. In fact, there are only three irregular first conjugation verbs. Once the regular verb endings are memorized the pattern can be applied to other verbs of the same group. Or, they are irregular, and do not follow a regular pattern. Although numerous, even the irregular second and third conjugation verbs fall into a few groups that make it easier to memorize. Essere and Avere: Dont Leave Home Without ThemLanguage means action, and you cant speak Italian without the verbs essere (to be) and avere (to have). These two essential verbs are used in compound verb formations, idiomatic expressions, and many other grammatical constructions. Become the maestro of these two verbs and youll have taken a giant step towards learning Italian. In TransitReady for action? Then its time for a transitive verb- those that take a direct object (complemento oggetto): Luisa legge un libro (Luisa reads a book). Transitive verbs can also be used in the absolute sense; that is, with an implicit direct object: Luisa legge (Luisa reads [a book, magazine, newspaper]). Intransitive verbs, on the other hand, are those that never take a direct object: Giorgio cammina (Giorgio walks). Some verbs can be classified as either transitive or intransitive, depending on the context of the sentence. Verbs With Voice!Italian verbs (like verbs in many other languages) have two voices. A verb is in the active voice when the subject carries out or performs the action of the verb: Marco ha preparato le valigie (Marco packed the suitcases). A verb is in the passive voice when the subject is acted on by the verb: La scena à ¨ stata filmata da un famoso regista (The scene was filmed by a famous director). Only transitive verbs with an explicit direct object can be transformed from the active voice to the passive voice. Mirror, Mirror, on the WallYou wake up (svegliarsi), take a shower (farsi la doccia), comb your hair (pettinarsi), and get dressed (vestirsi). You couldnt start your day without reflexive verbs (verbi riflessivi). Those are verbs whose action reverts to the subject: Mi lavo (I wash myself). In Italian, reflexive pronouns (i pronomi reflessivi) are required when conjugating reflexive verbs. Coulda, Woulda, ShouldaThere are three important Italian verbs known as verbi servili or verbi modali (modal verbs). These verbs, potere (to be able to, can), volere (to want), dovere (to have to, must), can stand alone, taking on their given meaning. They can also follow the infinitive of other verbs, functioning to modify the meaning of those verbs. Verbs That End In -sene, -sela, -celaThere are a group of Italian verbs that are conjugated with two different pronoun particles. Verbs such as meravigliarsene and provarcisi are called pronominal verbs (verbi pronominali). In fact, they are still classified as either first-conjugation (-are verbs), second-conjugation (-ere verbs), or third-conjugation (-ire verbs) according to the ending of their infinitives. Many pronominal verbs are used idiomatically. Shadowed By A PrepositionCertain Italian verbs (and expressions) are followed by specific prepositions such as a, di, per, and su. But to the consternation of students of all levels and abilities, there is no hard-and-fast set of rules governing this grammatical usage. This is one instance in which language learners must familiarize themselves with tables that include Italian verbs and expressions followed by specific prepositions as well as verbs followed directly by the infinitive.

The Better Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Better Man - Essay Example By examining the single most important feature of both candidates’ policy i.e. economic policy, the author argues that Obama is the better man because he has a comprehensive approach to solving the most pressing issue today: the American economy. As shown by a Times-Rockefeller Foundation poll, the biggest problem that 85% Americans want to see resolved is related to the economy in some way (Saporito, 2008). The current economic situation and its impact on middle class, working Americans is a sharp shift away from the expectations brought by living the American dream. A further classification of the TIME poll found that 96% black Americans and 88% latin Americans were unhappy with the economy. It does make sense that most Americans are extremely unhappy dealing with falling income, real-estate bubble burst, a shaky stock market and rising poverty (Saporito, 2008; FOX Business, 2008; Epstein & Gorzelany, 2008; Villaraigosa, 2007). In Michigan alone, unemployment has risen by 76% from 2001, Income has fallen 11.5% and poverty has increased by 30% from 2000 to 2006 (FOX Business, 2008). It is clear that the most pressing issue for Americans is in fact their own economy. As the author of this paper will continue to show, the Ame rican people, and more specifically the working class Americans deserve an economic policy that reflects their hard work and strength to survive the impending doom in their lives. According to Epstein and Gorzelany (2008), more than 5 million people will fall under the already large poverty line by 2010. The poverty rate would increase an average of 2 points to about 16%. More importantly, â€Å"the US stands second only to Mexico as having the worst rate of relative poverty among the world’s developed nations. Let us examine what this means for a lower-middle or lower income American: These figures are not being quoted

Is there a different in attitude toward Cesarean section between women Dissertation

Is there a different in attitude toward Cesarean section between women in Iran and women in United kingdom - Dissertation Example The items in the questionnaire were all in English. Procedure. The questionnaire was distributed to participants in through two hospitals in Iran and one hospital in Britain. All participants were from the middleclass and were educated at pre or post university levels. The Iranian participants were all literate in English. Results. The results of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed two factors emerging from the questionnaire which were labeled as â€Å"Preference for CS† and â€Å"Misconceptions about CS†. Overall, the Iranian participants gave lower ratings on both factors compared to their British counterparts which imply more support for Cesarean Section. There was also a positive correlation between age and the two factors. Marital status and having children did not influence their preference for and misconceptions about the procedure. It was thus concluded that more effective information dissemination must be carried out about the advantages and disadvantage s of CS, to allow women to make more informed choice. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 Background of the Study 6 1.2.1 Reasons for the Choice of CS 7 1.2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Influences to CS Choice 8 Prevalence of CS in Britain and in Iran 9 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 11 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction 11 2.2 Overview of Cesarean Section (CS) 11 2.3 Factors that Influence CS Choice Among Women in Iran 14 2.4 Factors that Influence CS Choice Among Women in Britain 17 2.5 Empirical Studies 21 2.6 Conclusion 28 2.7 Research Aims 30 2.8 Research Questions 30 2.9 Research Approach 31 2.10 Research Methodology 32 Chapter 3 Method 34 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research Design 34 3.2 Participants 34 3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚   Materials 34 3.4 Procedure 35 3.5 Data Collection Procedures 35 3.6   Ethical Considerations 36 3.7  Ã‚  Ã‚   Method of Data Analysis 37 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 38 4.1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction 38 4.2 Results 38 4.3  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discussion 46 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 51 5.1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusions 51 5.2  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recommendations 53 References 55 Appendix A – Survey Questionnaire 66 List of Tables Table 1. Principal component analysis of survey items. 38 Table 2. Cronbach Alpha: Factor 1 (Preference for CS). 40 Table 3. Cronbach Alpha: Factor 2 (Misconceptions about CS). 41 Table 4. Descriptive Statistics: Status x Having Children on Factor 1(Preference for CS). 41 Table 5. Between-Subjects Effects: Status x Having Children on Factor 1 (Preference for CS). 41 Table 6. Descriptive Statistics: Status x Having Children on Factor 2 (Misconceptions about CS). 42 Table 7. Between-Subjects Effects: Status x Having Children on Factor 2 (Misconceptions about CS). 43 Table 8. Descriptive Statistics: Cultural Groups on Factors 1 (Preference for CS) and 2 (Misconceptions about CS). 43 Table 9. Correlations: Age vs. Factors 1 (Preference for CS) and 2 (Misconceptions about CS). 44 Table 10. De scriptive Statistics: Having Children x Cultural Group on Factor 1 (Preference for CS). 45 Table 11. Between-Subjects Effects: Having Children x Cultural Group on Factor 1 (Preference for CS). 45 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction The present chapter is an overview of research related to the medical and psychological aspects of cesarean section, the risks involved, reasons for choosing cesarean section and the cultural attitudes towards choosing

Plato Thought on Education Essay Example for Free

Plato Thought on Education Essay â€Å"The object of education is to turn the eye which the soul already possesses to the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding. † (Plato) In the fifth century B. C. E Plato was born into an aristocratic Greek family. As a youngster his intention was to be engaged in politics. However in his twenties his thoughts were change after coming into the circle of Socrates, who was to be the lasting influence on his thought. Hence, following the execution of Socrates on accusations of the corruption of youth Plato abandoned direct involvement in politics and turned to writing and education. Plato was well known for his works which were all written in the form of dialogues. In the Republic, written about 385 B. C. E and in the Laws, his last work, on which he was still at work at the end of his life Plato addresses childhood in the context of education. Plato saw education as â€Å"the one great thing†, no scheme of human life was so important to him, since he rejected birth as a criterion for distributing the function of education. He believes that the aim of education was the harmonious development of human personality with the central purpose was to produce the right type of individualities in the state. Therefore, Plato saw the state primarily as an educational entity. His scheme of education was greatly influenced by Spartan system of education. In the Spartan system the family had no control over the education of its members. The state was controlling all aspects of education. In the Republic, Plato devotes much attention to the education of the child as a future citizen. He believes that the child belongs to the state and its education is the responsibility of the state in addition education must be compulsory for all. Furthermore, Plato was not concerned with training children for a trade but rather with giving them an education in virtue, which is to produce a keen desire to become a perfect citizen who knows how to rule and be ruled in turn. Education was seen as the correct channelling of pains and pleasures, aiming at establishing a nature in which goodness of character has been well and truly established so as to breed a familiarity with reason, since Plato saw reason as mans true nature, therefore it has to be nurtured from childhood by irrational means. In Plato views education was to begin before birth therefore he recommends that the care of the soul and body of the child begin with prescribed walks for the pregnant woman before birth. For the first two years of life children should be kept well wrapped up, even though they should be taken to the country or on visits. Also, they should be carried until they are old enough to stand on their own to prevent subjecting their limbs to too much pressure. This was necessary since the main importance of movement lies in its influence on the early development of a well-balanced soul and the cultivation of the body is mainly for the souls sake. Another aspect of education was the formation of character. Plato saw storytelling as the main tool in the development of character. Since stories should provide models for children to imitate, seeing that as ideas taken in at an early age become indelibly fixed. Moreover storytelling must begin at an earlier age than physical training. Physical training may take two or three years, during which nothing else can be done; since weariness and sleep are unfavourable to study. Physical training was vital as the exercises were an important test of character. Additionally a childs character will also be formed while he or she plays Plato attached much importance to childrens games. Even though the sexes are to be separated at the age of six, he believes that children are to be brought together for games. Teachers must provide children with miniature tools of the different trades, so that they can use the childrens games to channel their pleasures and desires toward the activities they will engage in when they are adults. However, children and adults should not imitate base characters when playing or acting, for fear of forming a habit that will become second nature. In addition to storytelling and play, reading, writing, music and arithmetic were an integral part of Platos educational system. Beginning at the age of ten a child is required to spend three years on reading, writing, and the poets, and another three learning the lyre. Then they would study elementary mathematics up to the age of seventeen or eighteen. He thought that all of this was to be done with as little compulsion as possible in, order to for them to learn enough to fight a war and run a house and administer a state (Republic, bk.7, 535-541). This period of education could not be extend or curtail neither by the child nor father either out of enthusiasm or distaste. Children were expected to work on their letters until they are able to read and write, but any whose natural abilities have not developed sufficiently by the end of the prescribed time to make them into quick or polished performers should not be pressed. Enforced exercise does no harm to the body, but enforced learning will not stay in the mind (Laws, bk. 7, 536). Plato also felt the necessity of moral education. The members of a society should learn that they are the members of one society and that they should live in the spirit of harmony and co-operation. Plato realizes that the better way of imparting moral instructions, is the sanction of supernatural authority. Plato also believes with conviction that a nation cannot be strong unless it believes in God. Certainly, Platos views on education have significantly influenced educational thought to this day and have become the basis of many educational policies His system of education includes instructions for the training of body, mind and soul. Plato also believed that an ideal state, embodying the highest and best capabilities of human social life, can really be achieved, if the right people are put in charge. Since the key to the success of the whole is the wisdom of the rulers who make decisions for the entire city, His view of philosophy as an educational activity and of education as the development of reason, the responsibility of which lies squarely with the state, is still a living educational challenge.

The Process of Adoption and the Need for Change Essay -- Exploratory E

"I am a 31 yr. old adoptee, I was adopted at birth it was prearranged prior to my birth, my sister who is 3 yrs younger also a prearranged adoption at birth...actually we were picked up by our adopted parents around six to nine weeks but my understanding is I was never with my birth mother I was either in the hospital or at the agency until they came to get us" ("Open Adoption"). Adoption is the process by which people take a child who was not born to them and raise them as a member of their family (Fanshel). Adoption is sometimes used as an easy way to get out of a pregnancy or raising a child. It is a very emotional process that people sometimes spend their whole lives trying to figure more information about the event. Other times it can be used to help the parents who would love to have kids, but are not able. In many cases, this does happen, but doesn't the adoption process need to be a little more difficult? When putting up a child for adoption, there is paper work and money issues and same with adopting a child. Money and paperwork should not be the reason why we have so many children in foster homes, and so many parents who aren't approved to adopt. When putting a child up for adoption, the parent must go through extensive requirement checks that prove to the adoption agencies that the mother can not handle the baby and need to look into adoption ("Wha t is Adoption?"). When adopting a baby, the parents need to be approved, but why are there charges for wanting to take in a kid that would otherwise be forced to live in a foster home? In simpler terms, the process of adoption should be reversed, putting up a baby for adoption and adopting a child. Adoption is a very scary process that many people at all ages might g... ...he World Book Encyclopedia. 1986. Volume 1 Gloria Hochman and Anna Huston "Open Adoption."1993. Adopt. 18 Mar. 2004<http://wwwadopting. org/open1.html>. "Open Adoption". Adoption Forums.com. 8 Apr. 2004 <http://forums.adoption.com/t95498.html>. Pertman, Adam. Adoption Nation. United States-Basic Books, 2000. Stone, Helen. "Foster Parent." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1986. Volume 7 "What is adoption?" Adoption Services. 8 Apr. 2004 <http://wwangelfire.com/mb2/niicca/home/ adoption_services.html>. "What is adoption?". Adoption Story.. 18 Mar. 2004 <http://www.5rocks.com/Adopting/thestory01_what.htm>. "What is adoption?" Family Help Tree.com. 8 Apr. 2004 <http://www.familyhelptree.com/pages/family/family-adoption.htm>. "What is going on with China?" Rainbow Kids.com. 8 Apr. 2004 <http://www.rainbowkids.com/china1196.html>.

Federal Reserve Paper Essay

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Federal Reserves’ discount rate, monetary policy, and stimulus program through the money multiplier. What are the factors that would influence the Federal Reserve in adjusting the discount rate? According to Chron if prices rise too fast or the economy starts slowing down, the Federal Reserve uses the discount rate as a way of manipulating interest rates to stabilize the economy. This change can either increase or decrease how much you’ll pay to borrow money. How does the discount rate affect the decisions of banks in setting their specific interest rates? According to Chron although changes in the discount rate affect your interest rate, the Federal Reserve does not lend directly to business owners. Rather, the Federal Reserve lends money to depository institutions such as commercial banks. Depository institutions must pay interest on the money they borrow from the Federal Reserve. The discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges its depository institution borrowers. Loan interest rates fluctuate in response as depository institutions pass the discount rate changes along to you. How does monetary policy aim to avoid inflation? According to Tutor2u monetary policies tend to invest in various assets, in order to avoid the losses caused by inflation. Increase in interest rates is also another measure, in order to contract the real money supply. Monetary policy controls money supply by increasing the discount rate, and also through increasing and decreasing the reserve requirements of lending banks. If the reserve requirements decrease, the banks can lend more money to consumers and businesses. If the reserve requirements increase, banks have to keep more money in with the fed. The interest rates increase, and people have an incentive to save and earn interest from the bank. If the interest rates decrease, then people do not have an incentive to save and they spend their money. How does a stimulus program (through the money multiplier) affect the money supply? According to Forbes a study by Obama administration economists Christina Romer and Jared Bernstein predicts that the stimulus plan being debated in Congress will raise the gross domestic product by $1. Such a multiplier effect has been heavily criticized by a number of top economists, including John Taylor of Stanford, Gary Becker and Eugene Fama of the University of Chicago and Greg Mankiw and Robert Barro of Harvard. The gist of their argument is that the government cannot expand the economy through deficit spending because it has to borrow the funds in the first place, thus displacing other economic activities. In the end, the government has simply moved around economic activity without increasing it in the aggregate. The problem is that fiscal stimulus needs to be injected right now to counter the liquidity trap. If that were the case, I think we might well get a very high multiplier effect this year. But if much of the stimulus doesn’t come online until next year, when we are likely to be past the worst of the slowdown, then crowding out will greatly diminish the effectiveness of the stimulus, just as the critics argue. The theory of the money multiplier states that for every $1 spent by the government, it drums up $1. 50 in the economy. So, if the government spends more money via a stimulus package, the economy should expand by 50% of the amount of the stimulus package. In conclusion the following topics have been discussed and described to give one an idea of its functions: What is the factor that would influence the Federal Reserve in adjusting the discount rate? – How does the discount rate affect the decisions of banks in setting their specific interest rates? – How does monetary policy aim to avoid inflation? -How does a stimulus program (through the money multiplier) affect the money supply?

Chattel Slavery Essay

Indentureship was supposed to differ from slavery, however, the servants were treated as harshly as the slaves Chattel- African slaves were treated as commodities System of slavery whereby an individual and their offspring are recognised by the law as being the property of another person for life. This system was established by Europeans and formed the basis of transatlantic slavery With due respect to the I’s good intentions, from all that I have read and studied it would be a mockery to compare Indian indentureship to African chattel slavery in the Caribbean. Firstly, Indians were allowed to retain: their family (Africans had theirs split up); their language (Africans had the use of theirs forbidden); their religion (Africans had theirs banned); their music (Africans had the drum – representing the voice of their gods – banned by laws, some of which remain on the statute book in Barbados to this day). This highlights the all-important difference between indentureship and slavery: The heart of slavery was not the horrible labour conditions. If that were so, slavery and indentureship might be comparable. The heart of slavery was the stealing of the African’s soul – his language (the eyes through which one sees the world), his gods, his family, his musical sounds. That is why some 169 years after Emancipation, many Africans in the Caribbean remain enslaved. Some say enslaved mentally (in distinction to physical slavery), but this is misleading. SLAVERY IS MENTAL. Captivity is physical. Why the Africans have taken longer to restore their race – as opposed to Indians, Jews and other ethnic groups that suffered at the hands of White Supremacy – is because no other people were ever subjected to what the Africans suffered. If you capture a people and reduce them to harsh, brutal conditions of exploitation, once they survive, when that is brought to an end the people will soon rehabilitate themselves. But when you take away a people’s tongue, their connection to the ancestors, their gods; when you smash their family life so that the male loses respect for the female and vice versa; when you teach them to hate their skin, their lips, their hair, so that they hate anyone that looks like them – then you will have destroyed the culture and soul of that people and recovery will be almost like a resurrection. That is why it has taken Rastafari, Vodun, Orisha and the other spiritual potencies to awaken and heal the descendants of the African slaves. Secondly, millions of Africans died on the dreadful crossing from Africa. How many Indians perished on their way here? The Trans-Atlantic trade in captive Africans and African chattel slavery lasted roughly from 1473 to the 1880s – some four centuries. Indian indentureship lasted from the 1840s until when – the end of the 19th century? Thirdly, the trade in African captives depleted the African homeland tremendously. Consequently, up to this day, in contrast to the huge populations of India and China, the African continent is badly underpopulated. In fact, it has been estimated that even if all the Black people returned tomorrow to Africa, it still would not be fully populated. Walter Rodney in   provides some Statistics to give an idea of the devastating effect that the trade in Africans had on Africa for four centuries. Whole towns and villages were wiped out. Ethnic groups disappeared. Others were driven to war on their neighbours or face the prospect of having their own group captured and shipped to the ‘New World’. The natural line and trajectory of material and spiritual development for millennia in Africa’s history up to the time of the Trans-Atlantic Trade in captive African was interrupted, disrupted and corrupted. While it is true that India suffered horribly as a result of the British penetration of India during the period of indentureship, history attests that neither the scale nor the time period of this penetration can match the reality of the impact of the Slave Trade and Slavery on Africans and their Motherland. But while the enslaved Africans – unlike the indentured Indians – had their ancestral cloak ripped from them, the White man could not take the living nucleus of their culture and its memory from them. So (as they say ‘whoever loses his life shall gain it’) they took this breath of their culture and created the living soul of Africa in the Caribbean – they recreated their musical forms, they reconceived their ancient gods through new prisms (likje Judedo-Christianity, for example in Haitian Vodun and Rastafari), they revived their sense of an organic connection to the earth, they rediscovered the taste of their traditional cuisine, and so on. And that is why we find that almost all that is distinctive about indigenous Caribbean culture owes its inspiration, its image and likeness, to Africa. It is also probably why there is no enduring large-scale mass Back to India or Back to China movements coming out of the Caribbean. In a sense, Mother India and Mother China were not taken away from their indentured children in the Caribbean since they continued to wear their traditional dress, listen to their traditional music, speak their traditional language and worship ther traditional gods. When the true history of the last 5 centuries of the recently past millennium is finally placed in proper perspective, the incomparable tragedy of the African people during the era of the slave trade and slavery will come fully to light. It is without precedent in human history. I close by suggesting that the Indian people – who are essentially of African origin as Rashidi has documented – have a secure place in Rastafari, and as the Mansinghs have shown in their research, they have made a valuable contribution to the development of the Rastafari way of life. Indentured servants were working â€Å"on contract† to repay a debt, usually for transportation to America. â€Å"Chattel† means personal property, so â€Å"chattel slaves† were legally considered property, the same as a mule or a goat. An indentured servant worked for his/her master without pay until the debt was paid off. Typically, for repayment of the cost of being taken from England to America, the time of service was seven years, although it ranged from four to ten. At the end of that time, the indentured servant was free to leave and find other, gainful employment. There were cases of abuse by masters in which additional time was added by charging the servant for things like rent, food, lost or broken tools or products, etc. , because indentured servants were usually not well-educated and could be taken advantage of. The only ways a chattel slave could be released from a lifetime of unpaid service were manumission (being legally given freedom by his/her owner) or purchase, either by himself/herself – rare, but possible – or by a third party, such as societies of abolitionists who purchased slaves’ freedom for them. The best-known of these groups bought land in west Africa and founded there the nation of Liberia, for the purpose of resettling freed American slaves. Interesting sidelight: the term â€Å"indentured† is related to words like â€Å"dentist† and â€Å"dental. † An indentured servant had a written contract with his master. At the time the contract was signed, it was torn in two. The master kept one half and the servant kept one half. To ensure that these halves were part of the original document, the tear-lines were deliberately made irregular and jagged so that no other piece of paper would match. The jagged tearing was â€Å"indented† – it looked like teeth

Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning

THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ... Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ...

Back Pain Causes And Effects Biology Essay

Back Pain Causes And Effects Biology Essay According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS) back pain is considered one of the most common disabling conditions, being the second most common neurological disorder after headache in the USA and affecting almost 60% of the general population. The essay discusses in details and aided by the latest studies, the various causes of this disease including obesity, occupational hazards, pregnancy, sports and the natural aging process. Also, utilizing the best diagnostic approaches to reach to the proper cause of the back pain and therefore the appropriate modality of treatment. Finally and to sum the issue, I would like to emphasize on the best line of treatment in back pain which is the prevention, elimination of the potential causes, risk factors and the need of more research and for better management of back pain. Back Pain: Causes and Effects Back pain is considered to be the second most common neurological disorder after headache in the United States of America (USA) according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS) in USA (2003). Nearly everybody had experienced the episode of back pain in different severity, timing, age and with variety of associated causes. Prevalence estimates suggests that 70-85 % of adults will experience low back pain during a given year and 30% will seek treatment for this problem. The health institutions are paying a large number of money treating back pain all over the world because of the high incidence of the complains and the various degree of disabilities caused by acute and chronic back pain (Andersson, 1999). To fully understand back pain, a glance of the back anatomy will be of great help. The back is a complex structure consisting of 24 small bones (vertebrae) that support the weight of your upper body and form a protective canal for the spinal cord which carries nerve signals from the brain to the rest of the body. Between each consecutive vertebra are found the shock-absorbing discs (intervertebral discs) that cushion the bones and allow the spines to bend, held all together by Ligaments, Tendons and Muscles. The lower part of the back is known as the lumbar region, which is made up of five vertebrae, known as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. The lumbar supports the entire weight of the upper body (plus any extra weight that you are carrying), and it is under constant pressure, particularly when bending, twisting and lifting (Smeltzer, S & Bare, B, 2000). Though the presence of huge number of literatures and researches has been conducted to discuss the causes and effects of back pain, there has still been a matter of controversy among medical researchers. However, the causes of back pain were categorized according to the effects with the associated signs and symptoms the victims describe, as well as the physical fitness of the targets. In fact, most back problems are probably the result of a combination of factors. Some factors, such as family histo ry, aren’t preventable. You can control other factors, such as weight, fitness and flexibility, by changing your lifestyle. This essay will discuss the main causes and effects of back pain, but it will also put on the light on the associated signs and symptoms, as well as the most common treatments used.

Ethics7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics7 - Assignment Example The potential liabilities facing APNs are discussed in the following part. This is considered a nurse’s liability if he or she fails to monitor and assess a change in the patient’s condition and refer it to the patient’s physician. To provide optimal patient care, it is required that nurses have appropriate knowledge, skills and positive attitudes toward pain, its assessment and management. Furthermore, this should be based on the best available evidence in preventing patients from suffering harm (NMC, 2008). It is unacceptable for APNs to have inadequate knowledge about pain or patient to experience unmanaged pain. This is considered a poor understanding of their profession in this aspect of care, and thus held accountable if it happens (Diamond, 2002). The management in a bid to prevent this liability may undertake to teach the staff on the importance of pain management and steps involved. In this case pain can be incorporated as a compulsory component, aimed at equipping nurses with knowledge, skills and attitude to undertake proper pain assessment and management. Since this has worked elsewhere, Wilson perceives the result of this as patients receiving higher standard of pain assessment and management and thus reduce the incidences of unnecessary suffering and prevent potential liabilities (2007). These involve transcription and administrative errors by the APN. Medication errors can cause harm to patients, practitioners, families, systems and the profession. Medical errors may be human-performance based or system based. According to a report in the Archives Internal Medicine, nurses who are interrupted while administering medication have an increased risk of making medication errors. Modest strategies to help reduce interruptions may include easy access to whiteboards or other sources of information. Nurses could were vests with â€Å"do not interrupt" messages on them while conducting medication rounds. This entails failing to notify the